JAPANESE GOVERMENT POLICIES IN EDUCATION, SCIENCE, SPORTS AND CULTURE 1995


	Home > Policy > White Paper, Notice, Announcement > White Paper > JAPANESE GOVERMENT POLICIES IN EDUCATION, SCIENCE, SPORTS AND CULTURE 1995

JAPANESE GOVERMENT POLICIES IN EDUCATION, SCIENCE, SPORTS AND CULTURE 1995

Forewerd

Information of The Publication

Remaking Universities: Continuing Reform of Higher Education

Chapter 1 Why University Reform Is Needed

1. Moves Toward University Reform

2. Reasons for University Reform

(1) Progress in Scientific Research and Changes in Human Resource

(2) Rise in the Percentage of Students Continuing to Higher Education and Diversification of Students

(3) Growing Need for Lifelong Lesrning and Rising Social Expectations Of Universities

3. Recommendations of the Universitu Council and Systemic Reforms

(1) Inprovement of University Education

(2) Provision of Greater Flexibility in the Craduate School System

(3) Improvement of Short-Term Highter Education

(4) Introduction of a Self-Monitoring and Self-Evaluation System

Chapter 2 How Universities Are Changing

Section 1. What People Study at Universities

1. Changes in University Classes

2. Efforts to Enhance the Quality of Teaching

3. Approaches to the Inprovement of University Entrance Examinations

Section 2. Expectations of Graduate Schools

1. Creating Centers for Advanced Education and Research

2. Training Professionals with Advanced Specialized Skills

Section 3. Opening Up Universities

1. Improving Accessibility

2. Introducing Internal Revews and Self-Monitoring in Universities

3. Promotiong Closer Communication Between Universities and Communities

Section 4. Reforming Short-Term Higher Education

1. New Roles for and Reform of Junior Colleges

2. Reform of Colleges of Technology

3. Reform of Professional Training Colleges

Chapter 3. The Financial Pucture

Section 1. Allocation of Costs

1. Funding of Universities and Other Institutions of Highter Education

2. Fiscal Mechanisms at the Nationl Level

3. Students' Financial Burden

Section 2. International Comparisons

1. Allocation of Costs in Europe and the United States

2. Improvement of Highter Education in Japan

Chapter 4 Toward Further University Reform

Section 1. Creating a New Vision for Universities to Meet the Needs of an Increasingly Diverse Student Body

1. A Future Bision for Higher Education

2. Reconsidering Educational and Research Content and Organizational Structures

3. Diversifying the Entrant Selection Process

4. Reinforcing Student Service Functions

Section 2. Improving the Quality of University Education: Fostering Self-Reform Capabilities

1. Toward Independent University Reform

2. Establishing Evaluation Systems

3. Facilitating and Revitalizing Organization and Managemant

Section 3. Responding to the Demands of Globalization

1. Creating Educational and Research Centers That Contribute to the World

2. Improving Graduate Schools

3. Facilitating Exchange

Section 4. Promoting Community Acceptance of a New Vision for Universities

CHART INDEX

Lecturing via video linkups at Shinshu University.

Figure 1.1. University Reform and Unicersity Council Deliberations

Table 1.1. University Reform Recommendations by Business Organizations

An evenng class at Tohoku Gakuin University

Figre 2.1.Progress in Curriculum Reform

Small-group foreign language education at the Tokyo University of Foreign Studies.

Students retrieving syllabus information from a database at Gunma University

Table 2.1. Trands in the Use of NCUEE Examinations by Universities and Faculties

Figure 2.2. multiple Opportunities to Take National University Examinations (Scheduled for Fiscal 1996)

A Distinctive Entrant Selection System

Fugure 2.3. Reasons for Selecting a Particular Universities

Talbe 2.2.class Attendance

Figure 2.4. Study Activities Outside University

Figure 2.5. Wishes Concerning Class

Figure 2.6. Wishes Conserning Curriculum

Figure 2.7. Satisfaction with Universities

Figure 2.8. Continuity with Upper Secondary Education

Figure 2.9. Adult Srudents' Attitudes to University Education

Figure 2.10. Universities with Graduate Schools(May 1, 1995)

Figure 2.11. Graduate School Enrollment (May 1,1995)

Figure 2.12. Trends in Graduate School Enrollment(May 1)

Figure 2.13. Ratio of Graduate to Undergraduate Srudents and number of Graduate Students per 1,000 Population (international Comparison)

The Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Hokuriku.

Figure 2.14. Dicerse Graduate School Formats

Aclass led by a teaching assistant at the University of Tokyo.

Figure 2.15. Trends in Recipients of Fellow ships of the JSPS Fellowship Program for Young Japanese Researchers

Figure 2.16. Trends in the Budget for the JSPS Fellow shi

Table 2.3. Scholarship Loan Program of the Japan Schoiarship Foudation (Graduate Srudents)

Figure 2.17. Trands in Undergraduate and Graduate Srudents from Abroad (May 1)

Figure 2.18. Trends in Adult Admissions to Graduate Schools (as of May 1)

Figure 2.19. Trends in Srudents Completing Masters' Degree Courses at National, Local Public, and Private Graduate Schools

Figure 2.20 Trends in Students Completing Doctorate Courses at National, Local Public, and Private Graduate Schools

Figure 2.21. Reasons for Entering Graduate School (Traditional Students)

Table 2.4. Class Attendance

Figure 2.22. Image of Graduate Schools Before and After Enrollment(Traditional Studets)

Figure 2.23. Satisfaction with Graduate Schools (Traditional Students)

Figure 2.24. Wishes Concerning Graduate Schools (Traditional Students)

Figure 2.25. Adult Students' Attitudes to Graduate Schools

Figure 2.26. Adult Srudents' Satisfaction with Gradute Schools

Self-Monitoring and self-Evaluation reports published by universities

Figure 2.27. Implementation of Self-Monitoring and Self-Evaluation inUniversities(September 1994)

Accessing university information through the HEART System

Figure 2.28. Trends in the Number of Endwed Chairs and Research Departments

An experiment in mechatronics at Numazu National College of Technology.

Table 2.5. Courses in New Fiels in National Colleges of Technology

Table 2.6. National Colleges of technology with Advanced Courses

Figure 2.40. Professional Training College Reforms and Support Measures

Experiencing Cirtual Reality in a laboratory at Tohoku Gakuin University.

Figure 3.1. Breakindown of the Special Account for National Educational Institutions (Fiscal 1995)

Figure 3.4. International Comparison of Allocation of Costs of Higher Education

Table 3.3. International Comparison of the share of the Costs of Higher Education Borne by National and State/Local Governmants

Figure 3.5. Satisfaction with University Experimental and Research Facilities

Figure 3.6. Trends in the Budget for the Improvement of Facilities inNational Educational Institutions

The Tokyo Institute of Technology's Centernnial Memorial Holl.

Figure 4.1. Trends in Access to Higher Education

INDEX OF THE MARKED TEXT

Students' Attitudes to Universities

Students' Attitudes to Graduate Schools

Measures to Improve Facilities of National Institutions of Higher Education

University Reform in Other Countries

1. United States of America

(1) Emphasis on Accountability

(2) Improvement of Accreditation

(3) Self-help Efforts to Improve University Finances

(4) Enhancemant of Student Aid

2. United Kingdom

(1) Integration of Higher Education at the University Level

(2) Expansion of Government Intervention Through Subsidies

(3) Introduction of Ecaluation of Educational and Research Activities

(4) Review of Treasury Funding of Tuition Fees: Universities' Self-help Efforts

3. France

(1) Establishment of New Institutions of Higher Education

(2) Response to the Diversfication of Srudents' Scholastic Ability inthe First Cycle of University Education

(3) Expansion of Nonuniversity Institutions of Higher Education in Technical Fields

(4) Exhancement of Graduate Education

4. Germany

(1) Expansion of Fachhochschulen

(2) Reduction fo the Duration of Study

(3) Enhancement of Graduate Education

(4) Restructuring of higher Education in the Former Territory of East Germany

5. Russia

(1) Diversification of completion Years, Qualifications, and Degrees

(2) Establishment and Development of Private Institutions of Higher Education

(3) Changes in University Management and the Expansion of Autonomy

(4) Funding of Hither Education in Harsh Financial Environment

6. China

(1) Expansion of the Autonomy of Institutions of Higher Education

(2) Abolition of Planned Training

(3) Transition to Diversified Management and Funding by Local Goverments and Enterprises

Special Report. The Response of the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture to the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake

1. The Extent of Damage and Emergency Measures in the Immediate Aftermath

(1) Cooperation in Relief Activities

(2) University and Other Hospitals' Emergency Medical Activities

(3) Measures Concerning School Education

(4) Measures Concerning Entrance Examinations, Graduation, and Employmant

2. Restoration of Educational Facilities and improvement of Disaster Prevention Systems

(1) Repair of Educational Facilities and Cultural Properties

(2) Normalization of School Education Activities

(3) Study Assistanace, Scholarship Loans, Exemption from Tuition Fees, and Other Student Aid Measures

(4) Improvement of Disaster Prevention Systems in Schools and Other Educational Facilities

(5) Reinforcement of Earthquake Prediction Researchs

MEXT HOME