Japanese Government Policies in Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology 2002


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Japanese Government Policies in Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology 2002

Foreword

Information of The Publication

Chapter

Chapter 1 Progress of Japan's Elementary and Secondary Education Reform and Future Issues

Section 1 Progress of Elementary and Secondary Education in Post-War Japan

1. Expansion of Access to Education

2. Qualitative Improvement of Education

3. Movement of Educational Reform

Section 2 Problems Relating to Elementary and Lower Secondary Education

1. Social Changes and Situation of Children's Lives

2. Issues of School Education

Chapter 2 Towards Advancement of "Academic Ability"

Section 1 The Kind of "Academic Ability" We Should Strive for Now

Section 2 Status of Japanese Children's "Academic Ability"

1. ResultsofPreviousStudies

2. Results of Research on the Curriculum

3. Roundup and Evaluation of Various Research Results

Section 3 The New Courses of Study

1. The new Courses of Study which aims to develop "Academic Ability"

2. Change to Evaluation Based on How Far the Objectives Have Been Achieved

Section 4 Increased efforts for the secure improvement of "Academic Ability"

1. Efforts by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology

2. Efforts in Each Schools

Section 5 Toward better curriculum standards

(1) Improvement of experimental schools system

(2) Basic research at the Curriculum Research Center of the National Institute for Educational Policy Research

(3) Permanent organization for curriculum development

Chapter 3 For the Cultivation of "Richness in Mind"

Section 1 Regarding the Cultivation of "Richness in Mind"

1. Social Background

2. To Cultivate "Rich Humanity"

Section 2 Current Circumstances Surrounding Children

1. State of Minds and Lives of Children

2. Growing concerns over the present state of violence, bullying, non-attendance at school, etc.

Section 3 Efforts Aimed at Nurturing "Richness in Mind"

1. Fundamental Concept of Measures

2. Description of the Measures

Chapter 4 For the Foundation of Trustworthy Schools

Section 1 To secure appealing and competent teachers

1. Improving Qualities and Abilities of Teachers through Integration of Three Factors: Teacher-Training System at University, Recruitment, and In-service Training

2. Performance Assessments of Teachers and Treatment Which Reflects Their Efforts

3. Strict Responses to Teachers with Problems in Teaching

4. Utilization of Excellent Human Resources through Promotion of Participation of Working People

Section 2 The Establishment of Schools That are Trustworthy to the Parents and to the Local Communities

1. The Establishment of Open Schools - To Achieve Accountability -

2. Changing Board of Education - Development of the Community-based Education Administration -

3. Reform of the Compulsory Education System Funded by Tax Revenues and Other Related Systems

4. Diversifying School Education and Schools in the New Era

Section 3 Improvement of School Environment Where Children Feel Safe and Have Fun

1. Making School Facilities Safer

2. Crisis Management and Safety Measures of Schools

CHART INDEX

Figure 1-1-1 Trends in Enrollment in Kindergartens, Elementary, Lower Secondary and Upper Secondary Schools and the Advancement Rate to Higher Education

Figure 1-1-2 Flow of Post-War Educational Reform-Elementary and Secondary Education

Table 1-2-1 International Comparison of Japanese Achievement

Table 1-2-2 Comparison of Rates of Correct Answers for the Same Questions

Table 1-2-3 Attitudes on Mathematics and Science (2nd year in lower secondary school)

Table 1-2-4 International Comparison of Average Scores (31 countries participated)

Table 1-2-5 Time Spent on Homework

Table 1-2-6 Results of Reading Literacy in Proficiency Levels

Table 1-2-7

Table 1-2-8

Table 1-2-9 Comparison with Pass Rate Set for Each Question in Each Subject and Grade (Primary School)

Table 1-2-10 Comparison with Pass Rate Set for Each Question in Each Subject and Year (Lower Secondary School)

Table 1-2-11 Comparison of Pass Rates for the Same Question in Each Subject and Grade (Primary School)

Table 1-2-12 Comparison of Pass Rates for the Same Question in Each Subject and Year (Lower Secondary School)

Table 1-2-13 Distribution of Numbers of Children According to Scores

Table 1-2-14 Distribution of Classes According to Average Scores

Figure 1-2-1 Example of careful selection of educational content

Table 1-2-19 Evaluation of the Cumulative Record of Education

Making a miniature of a linear motorcar as an advanced study of electromagnetic induction

Table 1-2-20 Number of classes for the third graders

Table 1-2-21 Daily class schedule

Table 1-3-1 Things in Children's Possession

Table 1-3-1 Use of Cellular Phones and PHS

Figure 1-3-1 Questionnaire on Children's Hands-on Activities

Table 1-3-3 Self-assessment

Table 1-3-4 Goals for Life

Table 1-3-5 Things Considered Problematic concerning People in the Same Generation (Younger than 20 years old)

Table 1-3-6 Wishing to be Someone Who Understands the Feelings of Others (Elementary/ Junior High School Students)

Figure 1-3-2 Relations between The Degree of Contacts with The Local People and The Interest in Local Activities when Schools Are out Every Saturday and Sunday

Figure 1-3-3 Transition of occurrence of acts of violence in schools

Figure 1-3-4 Transition of Bullying Cases

Figure 1-3-5 Transition of the Number of Students who Refuse to Attend Schools

Figure 1-3-6 Transition of the Number of Senior-high School Dropouts

Figure 1-3-7 Transition of the Number of Arrested Juveniles Who Offended the Criminal Law and its Population Ratio

Figure 1-3-8 The Number of Child Abuse Cases at Children's Consultation Offices (The Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare)

"kokoro no note" (notebooks for moral education)

Table 1-3-7 Research Studies on Incentives to Study

Figure 1-3-9 The 48th Research on Reading (conducted on June 2002, The Mainichi Newspapers Co., Japan School Library Association)

Table 1-3-8 Recent Efforts made by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology Concerning Student Guidance and Related Matters

Table 1-4-1 Recruitment Examinations for Publicly Owned School Teachers for FY 2002 (Conducted in FY 2001)

Figure 1-4-1 In-service Training Programs for Teachers

Table 1-4-2 Long-term Social Experience Training for Teachers

Figure 1-4-2 Example of Personnel Management System concerning Teachers with Little Teaching Ability (Example of Hiroshima Prefecture)

Table 1-4-3 State of Disciplinary Measures against Educational Personnel of Publicly Owned Schools (FY 2000)

Figure 1-4-3 Employment of Part-time

Figure 1-4-4 Employment of "Teachers for Children's Mind" (FY 2002)

Table 1-4-5 Percentage of Schools Which Have Established Internet Websites

Figure 1-4-4 Situation of School Councilor System (Includes Similar Systems) (As of August 1, 2002)

Figure 1-4-6 What is the Board of Education?

"Expression study" a scene of [Noh class]

Table 1-4-6 List of Practical Research Schools

Figure 1-4-6 Seriousness of Aging of Publicly Owned School Facilities

Figure 1-4-7 Examples of Troubles of School Buildings Due to Aging

Figure 1-4-8 Situations of Anti-earthquake Measures According to the Survey on Renovation of Publicly Owned Elementary and Lower Secondary Schools

Table 1-4-7 List of National Burden (subsidy) Rate concerning Anti-earthquake Measures

INDEX OF SPECIAL TEXT BOX

COLUMN 1

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