Accumulation and Application of Knowledge Gained Through Basic Research: To Enhance Japan’s Research Capability
(Provisional Translation)
Part Ⅰ Accumulation and Application of Knowledge Gained Through Basic Research: To Enhance Japan’s Research Capability
Chapter 1 Basic Research to Discover New Knowledge
Section 1 Importance of Basic Research
Section 2 Current Situation of Japan’s Fundamental Capability for Science and Technology
- 1.Number of Papers: Declining International Share and Stagnant Participation in Rising Research Areas
- 2.Research Funds: Importance of Basic Research Funds to Support Basic Researc
- 3.Research Personnel: Decreasing Number of Newly Enrolled Doctoral Students
- 4.Research Environment: International Comparison of Research Hours and the Number of Research Assistants
Chapter 2 Value That Basic Research Delivers to Society
- 1.Realization of Blue LED that Opened the Era of LED
- 2.Eradicating Parasitic Infections with a Substance Produced by Bacteria in Soil
- 3.Development of the World's Strongest Permanent Magnet Using Abundant Iron
- 4.Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Battery That Contributed to the Spread of Portable Devices
- 5.Possibility of Realizing New Regenerative Medicine by Somatic Cell Reprogramming (iPS cells)
- 6.New Tool That Enables Precise Editing of Genome Information
- 7.Discovery of Superconductivity and Its Application in Medical and Transportation Fields
- 8.Particle Physics for Exploring the Origin of the Universe and Its Applications in Day-to-Day Settings
Chapter 3 Technologies That Support and Drive Basic Research
- 1.Detector That Opened a New Door to Physics (Photomultiplier Tube and Ultrapure Water)
- 2.Essential Equipment for Optical Experiments (Diffraction Grating)
- 3.Method to Make Proteins Glow While Keeping Subject Organisms Alive (GFP: Green Fluorescent Protein)
- 4.Technique for Observing Intact Proteins (Cryogenic Electron Microscopy)
- 5.Measurement Method That Dramatically Improved the Efficiency of X-Ray Crystallography(Crystalline Sponge Method)
Chapter 4 Promoting Social Application of Research Results
- 1 System-Related Efforts to Promote Social Application of Research Results
- (1) Law on the Revitalization of Science, Technology and Innovation Creation
- (2) Tax System
- (3) Strategic Use of International Intellectual Property and Standardization
- (4) Improvement of Research Capabilities and University Reform
- 2 System-Related Initiatives to Promote Social Application of Research Results
- (1) Establishment of a System to Promote Open Innovation
- (2) Driving an Innovation System Tapping into Regional Strengths
Chapter 5 Conclusion: Why the Accumulation and Application of Knowledge Gained Through Basic Research Are Important
Part Ⅱ Measures Implemented to Promote Science and Technology
Chapter 1 Development of Science and Technology
Section 1 The Science and Technology Basic Plan
Section 2 Council for Science, Technology and Innovation
- 1.Major Endevors of the CSTI in FY2018
- 2.Strategic Prioritization in the Science and Technology -related Budget
- 3.R&D Evaluation of Projects of National Importance
- 4.Major Deliberations at Expert Panels
Section 3 Integrated Innovation Strategy
Section 4 Administrative Structure and Budget for Science, Technology and Innovation Policies
- 1.Administrative Structure for Science, Technology and Innovation Policies
- 2.Science and Technology Budgets
Chapter 2 Acting to Create New Value for the Development of Future Industry and Social Transformation
Section 1 Fostering R&D and Human Resources that Boldly Challenge the Future
Section 2 Realizing “Society 5.0”
- 1.Vision of Society 5.0
- 2.Undertakings necessary for the realization
Section 3 Enhancing Competitiveness and Consolidating Fundamental Technologies in Society 5.0
- 1.Efforts necessary for enhancement of competitiveness
- 2.Strategic strengthening of infrastructure technology
Chapter 3 Addressing Economic and Social Challenges
Section 1 Sustainable Growth and Self-sustaining Regional Development
- 1.Ensuring stable energy, resources, and food
- 2.Achieving a sustainable society to handle hyper-aging, depopulation, etc.
- 3.Improving competitiveness in manufacturing and value creation
Section 2 Ensure Safety and Security for Our Nation and its Citizens and a High-quality, Prosperous Way of Life
- 1.Addressing natural disaster
- 2.Ensuring food safety, living environments, and occupational health
- 3.Ensuring Cybersecurity
- 4.Addressing national security issues
Section 3 Addressing Global Challenges and Contributing to Global Development
- 1.Addressing global climate change
- 2.Responding to biodiversity loss
Section 4 Pioneering Strategically Important Frontiers
- 1.The promotion of oceanographic R&D
- 2.Promotion of R&D in space science
Chapter 4 Reinforcing the Fundamental Capability for STI
Section 1 Developing High-quality Human Resources
- 1.Developing, securing and improving career prospects of human resources as intellectual professionals
- 2.Promoting diversity and career mobility
Section 2 Promoting Excellence in Knowledge Creation
- 1.Promoting academic and basic research as a source of innovation
- 2.Strategic enhancement of common-platform technology, facilities, equipment, and information infrastructure supporting research and development activity
- 3.Promotion of open science
Section 3 Strengthening Funding Reform
- 1.Fundamental funds reform
- 2.Reform of public funds
- 3.Integrated promotion of the national university reform and the research funding reform
Chapter 5 Establishing a Systemic Virtuous Cycle of Human Resources, Knowledge and Capital for Innovation
Section 1 Enhancing Mechanisms for Promoting Open-innovation
- 1.Enhancing systems of promotion in companies, universities, and public research institutes
- 2.Inducing a virtuous cycle of human resources for innovation creation
- 3.Creating “spaces for co-creation” to concentrate human resources, knowledge, and capital
Section 2 Enhancing the Creation of SMEs and Startup Companies to Tackle New Business Opportunities
- 1.Cultivating an entrepreneurial mentality
- 2.Promoting the creation of startup companies at universities
- 3.Creating environments conducive to new business
- 4.Helping initial demand and endorsing the trustworthiness of new products and services
Section 3 Strategic Use of International Intellectual Property and Standardization
- 1.Promoting use of IP assets in innovation creation
- 2.Accelerating strategic international standardization and enhancing related support system
Section 4 Reviewing and Improving the Regulatory Environment for Innovation
- 1.Reviewing systems in accordance to new products, services, and business models
- 2.Improving IP systems in response to the tremendous development in ICT
Section 5 Developing Innovation Systems that Contribute to “Regional Revitalization”
- 1.Revitalizing regional companies
- 2.Driving innovation systems that make use of local characteristics
- 3.Promoting policies that encourage local initiative
Section 6 Cultivating Opportunities for Generating Innovation in Anticipation of Global Needs
- 1.Promoting R&D that anticipates global needs
- 2.Developing systems to promote inclusive innovation
Chapter 6 Deepening the Relationship between STI and Society
Section 1 Promoting Co-creative STI
- 1.Dialogue and collaboration with stakeholders
- 2.Stakeholder initiatives for co-creation
- 3.Scientific advice for policymaking
- 4.Ethical, legal, and social initiatives
Section 2 Ensuring Research Integrity
Chapter 7 Enhancing the Capacity to Promote Science, Technology and Innovation
Section 1 Reforming Universities and Enhancing their Function
1.University Reform
Section 2 Reforming National R&D Agencies and Enhancing their Function
1.R&D Agency Reform
Section 3 Strategic International Implementation of STI Policies
- 1.Utilization of international frameworks
- 2.Utilization of international organizations
- 3.Utilization of research institutions
- 4.Promotion of Strategic International Activities Related to Science Technology Innovation
- 5.Cooperation with Other Countries
Section 4 Pursuing Effective STI Policies and Enhancing the Chief Controller Function
- 1.Following up the Basic Plan
- 2.National Guideline on the Method of Evaluation for Government R&D
- 3.Promoting Policies Supported by Objective Evidence
- 4.Strengthening the Leadership Functions of the CSTI
Section 5 Ensuring R&D Investment for the Future
Scientific and Technological Achievements Which Contribute to Daily Life
(Planning and Evaluation Division Science and Technology Policy Bureau)