White Paper on Science, Technology, and Innovation 2021(Provisional Translation)
Toward Realizing Society 5.0

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Part I Toward Realizing Society 5.0

Introduction

Chapter 1 State-of-the-art Initiatives toward Digitalized and Decarbonized Society

Section 1 Fundamental Technologies for Constructing Cyberspace

  1. 1.Supercomputers
  2. 2.Artificial Intelligence (AI) Technology
  3. 3.Quantum Technology

Section 2 State-of-the-art Technologies Connecting Cyberspace and Physical Space

  1. 1.Projects to Make Machines Substitute for or Support Physical Functions
  2. 2.Initiatives for Ensuring Smooth Mobility in an Aging and Population Reduction Society –Automated Driving
  3. 3.Robot Operations in Dangerous Environments – Asteroid Explorer HAYABUSA2

Section 3 Efforts to Ensure Safety and Security Including Carbon Neutrality Sought by Society 5.0

  1. 1.Realize a Decarbonized Society toward Sustainable Global Environment
  2. 2.Efforts for Disaster Prevention/Mitigation to Enhance Resilience against Large-scale Disasters

Chapter 2 Creation and Use of Convergence of Knowledge to Address Social Challenges

Section 1 Fusion of Knowledge in the Humanities and Social Sciences and Knowledge in the Natural Sciences

  1. 1.What are the Humanities and Social Sciences?
  2. 2.Reasons for the Need for Fusion of Knowledge
  3. 3.International Trends
  4. 4.Initiatives for Advancement of the Humanities and the Social Sciences

Section 2 Examples of Initiatives to Address Social Challenges through Fusion of Knowledge

  1. 1.Initiative toward Dementia-friendly Society through Co- creative Art Activities
  2. 2.Project across the Medical, Educational and Social Fields to Support People with Neurodevelopmental Disorders(Spread of an Evaluation Tool)
  3. 3.Project toward Development and Social Implementation of Automated Driving System Accommodating Cultural Values of Japanese Society
  4. 4.Project toward a Spiritually Rich Society through Integration of Art and Science and technologies

Chapter 3 Strengthening Basic Research Capacity as Foundation of Society 5.0

Section 1 Research Capacity of Japan

Section 2 New Projects to Strengthen Research Capacity

  1. 1.Establishing the University Endowment Fund with $100 billion
  2. 2.New Initiatives to Improve Treatment of Doctoral Course Students
  3. 3.New Initiatives to Support Challenges of Diverse Researchers with Focus on Young People

Chapter 4 Response to COVID-19

Section 1 History of Infections and Response to COVID-19

  1. 1.History of Infection and Humankind and Lessons to learn from the History
  2. 2.The Government’s Response to COVID-19

Section 2 Impact of COVID-19 on Research Sites and Countermeasures

  1. 1.Impact on Research Sites and Initiatives to Establish New Research Styles
  2. 2.Initiatives to Spread Correct Understanding of COVID-19

Section 3 Prospect of Science and Technology Development based on the Impact of COVID-19

  1. 1.Science and Technology that Support Future Society
  2. 2.Future of Science and Technology in the Light of the Impact of COVID-19

Part II Measures Implemented to Promote Science, Technology and Innovation Creation

Chapter 1 Development of Science, Technology and Innovation

Section 1 The Science, Technology, and Innovation Basic Plan

Section 2 Council for Science, Technology and Innovation

  1. 1.Major Endeavors of the CSTI in FY2020
  2. 2.Strategic Prioritization in the Science and Technology -related Budget
  3. 3.R&D Evaluation of Projects of National Importance
  4. 4.Major Deliberations at Expert Panels

Section 3 Integrated Innovation Strategy

Section 4 Administrative Structure and Budget for Science, Technology and Innovation Policies

  1. 1.Administrative Structure for Science, Technology and Innovation Policies
  2. 2.Science and Technology Budgets

Chapter 2 Acting to Create New Value for the Development of Future Industry and Social Transformation

Section 1 Fostering R&D and Human Resources that Boldly Challenge the Future

Section 2 Realizing Society 5.0

  1. 1.Vision of Society 5.0
  2. 2.Undertakings necessary for the realization

Section 3 Enhancing Competitiveness and Consolidating Fundamental Technologies in Society 5.0

  1. 1.Efforts necessary for enhancement of competitiveness
  2. 2.Strategic strengthening of infrastructure technology

Chapter 3 Addressing Economic and Social Challenges

Section 1 Sustainable Growth and Self-sustaining Regional Development

  1. 1.Ensuring stable energy, resources, and food
  2. 2.Achieving a sustainable society to handle hyper-aging, depopulation, etc.
  3. 3.Improving competitiveness in manufacturing and value creation

Section 2 Ensure Safety and Security for Our Nation and its Citizens and a High-quality, Prosperous Way of Life

  1. 1.Addressing natural disaster
  2. 2.Ensuring food safety, living environments, and occupational health
  3. 3.Ensuring Cybersecurity
  4. 4.Addressing national security issues

Section 3 Addressing Global Challenges and Contributing to Global Development

  1. 1.Addressing global climate change
  2. 2.Responding to biodiversity loss

Section 4 Pioneering Strategically Important Frontiers

  1. 1.The promotion of oceanographic R&D
  2. 2.Promotion of R&D in space science

Chapter 4 Reinforcing the Fundamental Capability for STI

Section 1 Developing High-quality Human Resources

  1. 1.Developing, securing and improving career prospects of human resources as intellectual professionals
  2. 2.Promoting diversity and career mobility

Section 2 Promoting Excellence in Knowledge Creation

  1. 1.Promoting academic and basic research as a source of innovation
  2. 2.Strategic enhancement of common-platform technology, facilities, equipment, and information infrastructure supporting research and development activity
  3. 3.Promotion of open science

Section 3 Strengthening Funding Reform

  1. 1.Fundamental funds reform
  2. 2.Reform of public funds
  3. 3.Integrated promotion of the national university reform and the research funding reform

Chapter 5 Establishing a Systemic Virtuous Cycle of Human Resources, Knowledge and Capital for Innovation

Section 1 Enhancing Mechanisms for Promoting Open-innovation

  1. 1.Enhancing systems of promotion in companies, universities, and public research institutes
  2. 2.Inducing a virtuous cycle of human resources for innovation creation
  3. 3.Creating “platforms for co-creation” to concentrate human resources, knowledge, and capital

Section 2 Enhancing the Creation of SMEs and Startup Companies to Tackle New Business Opportunities

  1. 1.Cultivating an entrepreneurship
  2. 2.Promoting the creation of startups at universities
  3. 3.Creating environments conducive to new business
  4. 4.Helping initial demand and endorsing the trustworthiness of new products and services

Section 3 Strategic Use of International Intellectual Property and Standardization

  1. 1.Promoting use of IP assets in innovation creation
  2. 2.Accelerating strategic international standardization and enhancing related support systems

Section 4 Reviewing and Improving the Regulatory Environment for Innovation

  1. 1.Reviewing systems in accordance to new products, services, and business models
  2. 2.Improving IP systems in response to the tremendous development in ICT

Section 5 Developing Innovation Systems that Contribute to “Regional Revitalization”

  1. 1.Revitalizing regional companies
  2. 2.Driving innovation ecosystems that make use of local characteristics
  3. 3.Promoting policies that encourage local initiative

Section 6 Cultivating Opportunities for Generating Innovation in Anticipation of Global Needs

  1. 1.Promoting R&D that anticipates global needs
  2. 2.Developing systems to promote inclusive innovation

Chapter 6 Deepening the Relationship between STI and Society

Section 1 Promoting Co-creative STI

  1. 1.Dialogue and collaboration with stakeholders
  2. 2.Stakeholder initiatives for co-creation
  3. 3.Scientific advice for policymaking
  4. 4.Ethical, legal, and social initiatives

Section 2 Ensuring Research Integrity

Chapter 7 Enhancing the Capacity to Promote Science, Technology and Innovation

Section 1 Reforming Universities and Enhancing their Function

  1. 1.University Reform

Section 2 Reforming the National R&D Agencies and Enhancing Its Function

  1. 1.Reform of the R&D Agency System

Section 3 Strategic International Implementation of STI Policies

  1. 1.Utilization of international frameworks
  2. 2.Utilization of international organizations
  3. 3.Utilization of research institutions
  4. 4.Promotion of Strategic International Activities Related to Science Technology Innovation
  5. 5.Cooperation with Other Countries

Section 4 Pursuing Effective STI Policies and Enhancing the Chief Controller Function

  1. 1.Following up the Basic Plan
  2. 2.National Guideline on the Method of Evaluation for Government R&D
  3. 3.Promoting Policies Supported by Objective Evidence
  4. 4.Strengthening the Leadership Functions of the CSTI

Section 5 Ensuring R&D Investment for the Future

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(Strategic Planning, Research and Development Division, Science and Technology Policy Bureau)