※”Short-term” refers to a maximum period of stay of one month（30 days）. “Mid-to long-term” refers to a period of stay exceeding one month （30 days）.

1.Number of overseas researchers accepted, and the number of Japanese researchers dispatched abroad

1）The number of overseas researchers accepted 

Number of overseas researchers accepted for FY2012 Total : The total number of researchers which has been on decline since FY2009, increased for FY2012. (FY2010: 37,453 people -> FY2011: 33,615 -> FY2012: 37,066) Short-term: The number of short-term which has been on decline since FY2009, increased for FY2012. (FY2010: 23,212 people -> FY2011: 20,257 -> FY2012: 21,872) Mid-to long-term : The number of mid-to long-term researchers which has remained in between 12,000-14,000 people ever since FY2000, exceeded 15,000 for the first time in FY2012. (FY2010: 14,241 people -> FY2011: 13,358 -> FY2012: 15,194)

※The number of overseas researchers accepted includes both postdoctoral fellows, research fellows and others from FY2010.

2)Number of Japanese researchers dispatched abroad

Number of Japanese researchers dispatched abroad for FY2012 Total : The total number of dispatched researchers has been on the rise since FY2010. (FY2010: 140,731 people -> FY2011: 155,056 -> FY2012: 165,569) Short-term: The number of short-term dispatched researchers has been on the rise since FY2010. (FY2010: 136,459 people -> FY2011: 149,871, FY2012: 160,394)   Mid-to long-term : The number of mid-to long-term dispatched researchers remains nearly the same as FY2011. (FY2011: 5,185 people -> FY2012: 5,175)

※The number of researchers dispatched abroad includes postdoctoral fellows from FY2008, and both postdoctoral fellows, research fellows and others from FY2010.

 2.Situation on international research exchanges per organization

1）Number of overseas researchers accepted per organization

Number of overseas researchers accepted per organization for FY2012 Total : The highest number of researchers for both short-term and mid-to long-term was accepted by national universities and others, followed by private universities. Short-term: The number of short-term researchers which has been on decline since FY2009 has increased for FY2012. Mid-to long-term : The number of mid-to long-term researchers is on the rise for both national and private universities, with a considerable increase by private universities.

※Only data after FY2002 is used on the number of short-term and mid-to long-term research dispatches per organization.
※For organizational transitions, refer to “(Reference 4) Additional conditions of subject organizations”.
※The number of accepted researchers includes postdoctoral fellows, research fellows and others from FY2010.

2) Number of Japanese researchers dispatched abroad per organization

Number of Japanese researchers dispatched abroad per organization for FY2012 Total : The highest number of researchers for both short-term, and mid-to long-term, were dispatched abroad by national universities and others. Short-term: The number of short-term researchers dispatched is on the rise for national and private universities, colleges of technology and incorporated administrative agencies. Mid-to long-term : The number of mid-to long-term researchers dispatched remains nearly the same as FY2011.

※Only data after FY2002 is used on the number of short-term and mid-to long-term research dispatches per organization.
※For organizational transitions, refer to “(Reference 4) Additional conditions of subject organizations”.
※The number of accepted researchers includes post doctoratespostdoctoral fellows from FY2008, and both post-doctoratespostdoctoral fellows, research fellows and others from FY2010.

3) Main universities and research organizations with the highest number of overseas researchers accepted and Japanese researchers dispatched abroad

Chart 1: Main universities and research organizations with the highest number of overseas researchers accepted

	Short Term		Mid-to Long-Term		Total Number （including both short term and mid-to long-term）
	Organization	Number of researchers	Organization	Number of researchers	Organization	Number of researchers
1	The University of Tokyo	2,237	The University of Tokyo	1,045	The University of Tokyo	3,282
2	Kyoto University	2,159	Waseda University	810	Kyoto University	2,908
3	High Energy Acceleratory Research Organization	1,404	Kyoto University	749	Tohoku University	1,770
4	Tohoku University	1,258	Osaka University	607	High Energy Acceleratory Research Organization	1,479
5	University of Tsukuba	845	Tohoku University	512	Osaka University	1,399
6	Osaka University	792	Institute of Physical and Chemical Research	475	University of Tsukuba	1,166
7	Kyushu University	778	National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology	362	Kyushu University	1,132
8	Hokkaido University	644	Kyushu University	354	Hokkaido University	933
9	Nagoya University	529	Tokyo Institute of Technology	352	Institute of Physical and Chemical Research	925
10	National Institutes of Natural Sciences	505	Nagoya University	352	Nagoya University	881
11	Tokyo Institute of Technology	482	University of Tsukuba	321	Waseda University	838
12	Institute of Physical and Chemical Research	450	Hokkaido University	289	Tokyo Institute of Technology	834
13	National Institutes for the Humanities	356	National Institute for Materials Science	247	National Institutes of Natural Sciences	569
14	Kobe University	312	Keio University	212	National Institutes for the Humanities	464
15	Kumamoto University	293	Chiba University	196	Kumamoto University	432
16	Hiroshima University	269	Ritsumeikan University	181	National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology	428
17	Research Organization of Information and Systems	260	Doshisha University	157	National Institute for Materials Science	423
18	Yokohama National University	225	Okayama University	145	Kobe University	420
19	National Institutes for Cultural Heritage	223	Hiroshima University	145	Hiroshima University	414
20	Hitotsubashi University	216	Kumamoto University	139	Doshisha University	350
	Short-term researchers accepted Total	21,872	Mid-to long-term researchers accepted Total	15,194	Accepted researchers Overall Total	37,066

Chart 2 : Main universities and research organizations with the highest number of Japanese researchers dispatched abroad

	Short Term		Mid-to Long-Term		Total Number （including short term and mid-to long-term）
	Organization	Number of researchers	Organization	Number of researchers	Organization	Number of researchers
1	The University of Tokyo	10,199	The University of Tokyo	438	The University of Tokyo	10,637
2	Kyoto University	8,435	Kyoto University	340	Kyoto University	8,775
3	Osaka University	6,556	Tohoku University	226	Osaka University	6,750
4	Tohoku University	5,809	Osaka University	194	Tohoku University	6,035
5	Kyushu University	3,813	Waseda University	179	Kyushu University	3,912
6	Hokkaido University	3,568	Nagoya University	152	Hokkaido University	3,706
7	Nagoya University	3,501	National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology	151	Nagoya University	3,653
8	National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology	3,191	Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences	141	National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology	3,342
9	Waseda University	2,984	Hokkaido University	138	Waseda University	3,163
10	University of Tsukuba	2,862	Keio University	122	University of Tsukuba	2,930
11	Institute of Physical and Chemical Research	2,754	Kyushu University	99	Institute of Physical and Chemical Research	2,833
12	Tokyo Institute of Technology	2,491	Hiroshima University	99	Tokyo Institute of Technology	2,528
13	Kobe University	2,422	Nihon University	88	Kobe University	2,495
14	Hiroshima University	2,099	Ritsumeikan University	80	Hiroshima University	2,198
15	Keio University	2,055	Institute of Physical and Chemical Research	79	Keio University	2,177
16	Chiba University	1,757	High Energy Accelerator Research Organization	77	Chiba University	1,829
17	Nihon University	1,727	Kobe University	73	Nihon University	1,815
18	Japan Atomic Energy Agency	1,384	Chiba University	72	Japan Atomic Energy Agency	1,384
19	Okayama University	1,312	University of Tsukuba	68	Ritsumeikan University	1,380
20	Ritsumeikan University	1,300	Kumamoto University	58	Kumamoto University	1,348
	Short-term dispatched researchers Total	160,394	Mid-to long-term dispatched researchers Total	5,175	Dispatched researchers Overall Total	165,569

3. Situation on research exchange per region

1) Number of overseas researchers accepted per region

Number of overseas researchers accepted per region for FY2012 Total : Number of researchers accepted from Asia was the highest for both short-term and mid-to long-term Short-term: Number of short-term researchers accepted from Asia, Europe and North America which has been on decline from FY2009, has increase for FY2012 Mid-to long-term : Number of mid-to long-term researchers accepted from Asia, Europe and North America which once decreased in FY2011, has increased for FY2012.

 

※The number of overseas researchers accepted includes both post-doctoratespostdoctoral fellows, research fellows and others from FY2010.
※Since some dispatch areas are unclear, the total number of researchers per region is not consistent with other total figures.

 2) Number of Japanese researchers dispatched abroad per region

Number of Japanese researchers dispatched abroad per region for FY2012 Total : Number of short-term researchers dispatched to Asia was the highest, followed by Europe and North America. The number of mid-to long-term researchers dispatched to Europe is the highest, followed by North America and Asia. Short-term: Number of short-term researchers dispatched is generally on the rise for Asia, Europe and North America. Mid-to long-term : Number of mid-to long-term researchers dispatched is nearly the same as FY2011.

 

 

※Number of researchers dispatched abroad includes post-doctoratespostdoctoral fellows from FY2008, and both post-doctoratespostdoctoral fellows, research- fellows and others from FY2010.

3) List of main countries (regions) with highest number of overseas researchers accepted and Japanese researchers dispatched abroad.

Chart 3 : Main countries(Regions) with highest number of accepted overseas researchers

	Short-term			Mid-to long-term			Overall Total (including both short-term and mid-to long-term)
	Country(Region)	Number of researchers	Distribution ratio（％）	Country(Region)	Number of researchers	Distribution ratio（％）	Country(Region)	Number of researchers	Distribution ratio（％）
1	United States of America	3,634	16.6	People's Republic of China	3,788	24.9	People's Republic of China	6,226	16.8
2	People's Republic of China	2,438	11.1	United States of America	1,872	12.3	United States of America	5,506	14.9
3	Republic of Korea	2,352	10.8	Republic of Korea	1,576	10.4	Republic of Korea	3,928	10.6
4	Federal Republic of Germany	1,134	5.2	United Kingdom	731	4.8	United Kingdom	1,822	4.9
5	United Kingdom	1,091	5	French Republic	542	3.6	Federal Republic of Germany	1,662	4.5
6	French Republic	1,069	4.9	Federal Republic of Germany	528	3.5	French Republic	1,611	4.3
7	Taiwan	1,013	4.6	India	510	3.4	Taiwan	1,317	3.6
8	Kingdom of Thailand	887	4.1	Kingdom of Thailand	373	2.5	Kingdom of Thailand	1,260	3.4
9	Republic of Indonesia	754	3.4	Canada	362	2.4	India	1,073	2.9
10	India	563	2.6	Australia	306	2	Republic of Indonesia	1,057	2.9
11	Vietnam	488	2.2	Taiwan	304	2	Canada	809	2.2
12	Australia	477	2.2	Republic of Indonesia	303	2	Australia	783	2.1
13	Russian Federation	463	2.1	Russian Federation	274	1.8	Vietnam	753	2
14	Canada	447	2	People's Republic of Bangladesh	266	1.8	Russian Federation	737	2
15	Italian Republic	364	1.7	Vietnam	265	1.7	Italian Republic	531	1.4
16	Malaysia	302	1.4	Arab Republic of Egypt	178	1.2	Malaysia	402	1.1
17	Swiss Confederation	283	1.3	Spain	172	1.1	Republic of the Philippines	361	1
18	Republic of Singapore	228	1	Italian Republic	167	1.1	Spain	359	1
19	Republic of the Philippines	219	1	Republic of the Philippines	142	0.9	Swiss Confederation	349	0.9
20	Kingdom of the Netherlands	214	1	Islamic Republic of Iran	106	0.7	People's Republic of Bangladesh	347	0.9
	Accepted short-term researchers Total	21,872	―	Accepted mid-to-long term researchers Total	15,194	―	Accepted researchers Overall Total	37,066	―

Chart 4 :  Countries(Regions) with highest number of Japanese researchers dispatched abroad

	Short-term			Mid-to long-term			Overall Total (short-term, mid-to long -term)
	Country (Region)	Number of researchers	Distribution ratio（％）	Country (Region)	Number of researchers	Distribution ratio（％）	Country (Region)	Number of researchers	Distribution ratio（％）
1	United States of America	34,433	21.5	United States of America	1,418	27.4	United States of America	35,851	21.7
2	People's Republic of China	16,044	10	United Kingdom	502	9.7	People's Republic of China	16,280	9.8
3	Republic of Korea	13,944	8.7	Federal Republic of Germany	491	9.5	Republic of Korea	14,043	8.5
4	Federal Republic of Germany	8,578	5.3	French Republic	354	6.8	Federal Republic of Germany	9,069	5.5
5	French Republic	7,508	4.7	People's Republic of China	236	4.6	French Republic	7,862	4.7
6	United Kingdom	6,329	3.9	Swiss Confederation	198	3.8	United Kingdom	6,831	4.1
7	Kingdom of Thailand	6,123	3.8	Canada	155	3	Kingdom of Thailand	6,202	3.7
8	Taiwan	6,079	3.8	Australia	119	2.3	Taiwan	6,134	3.7
9	Italian Republic	4,641	2.9	Italian Republic	113	2.2	Italian Republic	4,754	2.9
10	Australia	3,981	2.5	Republic of Korea	99	1.9	Australia	4,100	2.5
11	Canada	3,290	2.1	Kingdom of the Netherlands	91	1.8	Canada	3,445	2.1
12	Republic of Indonesia	3,064	1.9	Kingdom of Thailand	79	1.5	Republic of Indonesia	3,123	1.9
13	Spain	2,837	1.8	Kingdom of Sweden	74	1.4	Spain	2,889	1.7
14	Vietnam	2,750	1.7	Republic of Indonesia	59	1.1	Vietnam	2,796	1.7
15	Republic of Singapore	2,687	1.7	India	57	1.1	Republic of Singapore	2,710	1.6
16	Republic of Austria	2,393	1.5	Taiwan	55	1.1	Republic of Austria	2,447	1.5
17	Swiss Confederation	2,237	1.4	Republic of Austria	54	1	Swiss Confederation	2,435	1.5
18	Kingdom of the Netherlands	2,146	1.3	Spain	52	1	Kingdom of the Netherlands	2,237	1.4
19	India	2,109	1.3	Vietnam	46	0.9	India	2,166	1.3
20	Malaysia	2,108	1.3	Republic of Finland	39	0.8	Malaysia	2,146	1.3
	Short-term dispatched researchers Total	160,394	―	Mid-to long-term dispatched researchers Total	5,175	―	Dispatched researchers Overall total	165,569	―

[Reference]

1. Purpose of survey

The survey which clarifies the situation on the annual research exchanges between foreign countries and Japan’s educational organizations will be utilized to plan, promote, assess and inspect policies related to promoting international exchange.

2. Period of survey

April 1, 2012 – March 31, 2013

3. Questionnaire and breakdown of organizations subject to survey

Questionnaire and organizations subject to survey:

• Universities and others: Questionnaire sent out to a total of 836 organizations

[National universities:86, Inter-university research institutesInter-university research institute corporations:4, National, public and private colleges of technology:57, Public universities:82, Private universities:607]

• Incorporated administrative agencies and others: Questionnaire sent out to a total of 62 organizations.

[Incorporated administrative agencies:46 (of which 16 organizations are national experiment and research institutes national research institutes)]

• Total of 898 organizations. Valid response rate for the above organizations:
• Universities and others: Response received by 788 organizations, overall valid response rate of 94.3 %.
• Incorporated administrative agencies and others: Response received by 52 organizations, overall valid response rate of 83.9 %.
• Average response rate for the above 840 organizations was 93.5 %.

4. Additional conditions of subject organizations

• “National universities and others” include inter-university research institutesinter-university research institute corporations and national junior colleges from FY1997 (provided that national junior colleges have reorganized and integrated with national universities by FY2005).
• Public and private universities have been added to the survey scope from FY1997.
• For colleges of technology, national colleges of technology have been included in the survey scope from FY2000, and public and private colleges of technology have been added from FY2010.
• Incorporated administrative agencies and others include national research institutes, and have been added to the survey scope from FY2000 (provided that government-affiliated corporations have been reformed into incorporated administrative agencies).

5. Definition of survey subject

• “Accepted researchers” are foreign researchers employed by domestic organizations (including part-time researchers) and those visiting Japan for the purpose of joint research, academic conferences, symposiums, etc.
• “Dispatched researchers” refer to an individual working full-time at a domestic organization who is dispatched abroad for the purpose of research activities including joint research, attending academic conferences, gathering research-related information and or receiving training. ・A researcher refers to a professor, associate professor, lecturer, assistant professor, postdoctoral fellowpost-doctorate, research fellow, etc., who is employed by an organization, and or a researcher who has a fixed employment contract with an organization.
• Graduate students, exchange students, office staff, technical staff, persons teaching language classes, and others in charge of a limited number of classes and who do not carry out specialized research are excluded from the survey scope.
• In relation to dispatched researchers previously excluded from the survey scope, post-doctoratesPostdoctoral fellows were added from FY2008, and both post-doctoratesPostdoctoral fellows and research fellows were added from FY2010. For accepted overseas researchers, both post-doctoratesPostdoctoral fellows, research fellows and others were added to the survey scope from FY2010.
• “Short-term” refers to a maximum period of stay of one month. “Mid-to long-term” refer to a period of stay exceeding one month.

6. Calculation method

• For a period of stay crossing over to the next fiscal year, the period of stay refers to the total scheduled period of stay, and will be included in both fiscal years.
• For researchers staying in multiple countries, all countries visited for the purpose of research are included in the response count.
• “Accepted researchers” also include those researchers already residing in Japan.
• For researchers receiving multiple sources of revenue, the individual is classified based on his/her highest source of income.

7. Survey consignee

Institute for Future Engineering (IFENG)