In order to be a world leader in science and technology even with its population decreasing, it is extremely important for Japan to foster and secure human resources in science and technology and promote their activities. MEXT is therefore working on comprehensive human resources development measures spanning everyone from children to leading researchers and engineers. MEXT is doing this by developing the talents of young children, broadening the horizons of children who like science, fostering environments where diverse people including young, female, and foreign researchers can exercise their abilities, and promoting a professional engineer system.