Annual Report on the Promotion of Science and Technology 1999


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Annual Report on the Promotion of Science and Technology 1999

Introduction

Information of The Publication

Part 1: New Developments in Science and Technology Policy: Responding to National and Societal Needs

Chapter 1: What does the society request to Japan's Science and Technology Now

Section 1: The National and Societal Needs to Which Science and Technology Must Respond

1. Industrial Regeneration and the Conservation of Competitiveness

2. Assure Vigor Amid Declining Birth Rates and a Rapid increase of aged people

3. Overcoming Global Problems

4. Maintaining Public Health and Safety

Chapter 2: Japan's Science and Technology Today

Section 1: Progress of the Science and Technology Basic Plan

1. Survey of Followup to the Science and Technology Basic Plan

2. Followup Survey: Results and Comments

3. The Current Status of Human Resources and R&D Systems

Section 2: Trends Indicated by Surveys

1. The Level of Basic Research

2. Technological Abilities

3. Public Attitudes and Expectations

Chapter 3: Future Science and Technology Policy in Japan

Section 1: Setting Plain Goals

1. Setting Goals for Science and Technology

2. Designating Critical R&D Fields

3. The Priority Investment of R&D Resources

Section 2: Striving for World-Class Research quality

1. Constructing Researcher-oriented R&D Systems

2. Promoting Cutting-Edge Research Through Competitive Funding and Research Evaluation

Section 3: Striving for Harmony Between Science and Technology and People and Society

1. Predicting Socioeconomic Change

2. Responses That Take into Account the Positive and Negative Aspects of Science and Technology

3. Creating the Foundations of Individual Rational Judgment by the Public

Section 4: Conclusion

CHART INDEX

Fig. 1: The number of scientific papers cited in a patent increases each year

Fig. 2: A percentage of R&D expenditure in service industry

Fig. 3: The causes of public anxiety or concern

Fig. 4: Competitive funding as a percentage of total science and technology budgets in the U.S., UK and Japan

Fig. 5: Reasons that the selection of topics for competitive funding is not perceived as transparent or fair

Fig. 6: Changes in the Principal Countries' Number of Papers

Fig. 7: Principal countries' relative citation index for papers

Fig. 8: Japanese researchers writing of papers in English

Fig. 9: Frequency of communication with foreign researchers

Fig. 10: Foreign patents registered by Japanese and Americans

Fig. 11: How companies evaluate the current and future competitiveness of their own technology and products (by industry)

Fig. 12: The categories of research expenditures that private enterprises plan to increase over the coming 3 years

Fig. 13: Forecasts for researcher to be employed in the private sector next year

Fig. 14: Private sector research cooperation with universities and national research institutes and the types of research that private enterprises believe universities and national research institutes should pursue

Fig. 15: Problems faced by private enterprises in acquiring research results from universities or national research institutes

Fig. 16: The public's assessment of and expectations on science and technology: How should advancements in science and technology be used?

Fig. 17: Public awareness of science and technology

Fig. 18: Generic priorities in science and technology - relative assessment of attractiveness and feasibility

Fig. 19: Japanese Nobel prizewinners (in the field of natural science) and the ages at which they announced their prizewinning research

Fig. 20: Has mobility in research appointments been a positive factor in career formation and subsequent compensation?

Fig. 21: Does the public wish to get lectures from scientists? Do researchers wish to address the public?

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