COVER PHOTOS/IMAGE

Right to left: Photovoltaic Power Generation System Installation in Test Site Area ("Pal Town Josai-no-Mori" Ota-shi, Gunma) [Source: New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization]; New iron-based high-temperature superconductor (LaFeAsO1-xFx) [Source: Prof. Hideo Hosono, Tokyo Institute of Technology]; Aequorea victoria [Source: RIKEN]

Section 1： New Trends of Innovation

1. Open Innovation and Global Innovation
2. Shift of Production Process to Emerging Countries through the Development of Modularization
3. Changes in the State of R&D Including the Approach of Science and Innovation, and the Application of Simulation and Mathematics
4. Innovation Increased through Intellectual Integration and Combination
5. Large Scaled R&D Investment and Increased Government Involvement

Section 2： Increased International Mobility of Research Personnel and Intensified Competition for Talent

1. Increased International Mobility of Research Personnel and Intensified Competition for Talent
2. State of Receiving Researchers in Japan
3. Current International Mobility of Japanese Researchers

Section 3： Ideal Direction of Future Science and Technology

Chapter 2： Future Science and Technology Expected from Japan

Section 1： Tackling with Global Environmental Problems and its Development

1. Global Environmental Problems Facing Human Beings
2. Resolving Global Environmental Problems
3. International Efforts as Science and Technology Diplomacy

Section 2： Towards Sustaining and Reinforcing Monodzukuri

1. Circumstances surrounding Japan's Monodzukuri
2. Towards New Innovation for Monodzukuri

Section 3： Towards Promoting Services

1. Need for Promotion of Service Science and Engineering
2. Service Science and Engineering Promotion

Section 4： Towards Promoting Science and Technology Needed for the Future Lives of the Japanese Public

1. S&T Promotion Contributing to Establishment of Safe and Secure Society
2. Promotion of S&T Contributing to Improvement of Quality of Life

Chapter 3： Searching for a New R&D System

Section 1： Comprehensive Approach to Enhancement of Basic Science Capability as the Wellspring of Innovation

1. Basic Research and Innovation
   
2. Basic Science Capability of Japan
   
3. Comprehensive Efforts in Europe and the US
   
4. Towards Enhancing Basic Science Capability

Section 2： Towards Developing Globally Open, Highly Appealing Research Environment

1. Efforts by Other Countries to Develop Research Environments
   
2. Towards Establishing Outstanding Research Centers and Acquiring Research Personnel
   
3. Towards Expanding Research Opportunities Overseas for Japanese Researchers

Section 3： Promotion of Research Field Integration for Solving Complicated Social Problems

1. Necessity of Promoting Research Field Integration
   
2. Efforts for Research Field Integration in Overseas Countries
   
3. Towards Promoting Further Research Field Integration

Section 4： Towards Further Developing Science and Technology Policy

1. Movement from Science and Technology Policy to Science, Technology, and Innovation Policy
   
2. Promotion of Scientific Evidence-based Science and Technology Policy
   
3. Efforts for Further Developing Science and Technology Policy in Japan

Part 2： Measures Implemented to Promote Science and Technology

Chapter 1： Development of Science and Technology Policy

Section 1： The Science and Technology Basic Plan

Section 2： The Council for Science and Technology Policy

1. Major Measures Implemented by CSTP in FY 2008
   
2. Setting Strategic Priorities and Comprehensive Promotion of S&T Measures
   
3. Major Items Discussed at Expert Panels

Section 3： S&T Administrative Structure and Budget

1. S&T Administrative Structure
   
2. S&T Budget

Chapter 2： Strategic Priority Setting in Science and Technology

Section 1： Promotion of Basic Research

Section 2： Priority Setting in Research and Development for Policy-oriented Subjects

1. Life Sciences
   
2. Information and Communications
   
3. Environment Field
   
4. Nanotechnology and Materials
   
5. Energy
   
6. Monodzukuri Technology
   
7. Social Infrastructure
   
8. Frontier Science

[Interdisciplinary areas]

1. Key Technologies of National Importance
   
2. Science and Technology for a Safe and Secure Society

Chapter 3： Science and Technology System Reform

Section 1： Fostering, Securing, and Activating Competent Persons

1. Establishing an Environment that Enables Individuals to Play Active Roles
   
2. Strengthening the Fostering of Competent Persons Function of Universities
   
3. Fostering of Competent Persons that Meet Social Needs
   
4. Expanding the Range of Next-generation S&T-related Personnel

Section 2： Creating Scientific Development and Persistent Innovation

1. Developing a Competitive Environment
   
2. Enhancing the Competitiveness of Universities
   
3. Enhancing Systems for Creating Innovation
   
4. Building Regional Innovation Systems and Creating Regions Full of Vitality
   
5. Effective and Efficient Implementation of R&D
   
6. Elimination of Institutional and Operational Bottlenecks for Smoother S&T-related Activities and Dissemination of Research Results

Section 3： Reinforcing the Platform for the Promotion of Science and Technology

1. Strategic and Prioritized Improvement of Facilities and Equipment
2. Enhancement of the Intellectual Infrastructure
   
3. Creation, Protection and Utilization of Intellectual Properties
   
4. Active Efforts towards Standardization
   
5. Improvement of the Research Information Infrastructure
   
6. Promotion of the Activities of Academic Societies
   
7. Promotion of Research and Development at Public Research Institutions

Section 4： Strategic Promotion of International Activities

1. Improvement of the Environment for the Enhancement of S&T Diplomacy and International Activity, and the Promotion of Researcher Exchanges
2. Cooperation with Countries Abroad
3. Systematic Efforts for International Activities

Chapter 4： Science and Technology Supported by Society and the Public

1. Responsible Approaches to Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues in Science and Technology
   
2. Accountability in S&T and Improvement of Information Dissemination
   
3. Improving Public Awareness concerning S&T

1. The Science and Technology Basic Law
2. The Science and Technology Basic Plan (2006-2010)    

（C） 2009 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT). All rights reserved. This White Paper on Science and Technology is an English language provisional translation of the original Japanese. Some materials (images, graphics, photos, text, etc.) specifically identified in this White Paper are licensed from third parties. Authorization to reproduce such material must be obtained from the copyright holders concerned.