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Part 1: Creativity of Japan's Science and Technology
Chapter 2 Current State and Issue of Japan's Science and Technology
Section 1 Human Recourses for Science and Technology
1. Education of Science and Engineering at Universities


The promotion of science and technology is one of the key policy issues to the U.S. and other countries in the world. For the policy of promoting science and technology, education, above all, is considered to be particularly importance. Accordingly, universities and graduate schools are being positively developed in not only Euro-American developed countries but also Asian countries. Reflecting such circumstances, the number of people who have earned doctorate is on the increase in each country ( Fig. 9 ).

Fig. 9 Trend of People Who Obtained Doctorate in Each Country Science and Technology

The number of doctors in Japan in 1997 is a little under 30% of the U.S., likewise 60% of Germany, and also less than U.K. and France. Furthermore, China is catching up with Japan.

Japan, and particularly the R&D units of private sectors, have many excellent researchers and engineers who have no doctorate. In light of the rapid globalization of R&D activities and management activities in recent years, it is important for Japan to come up to the level of foreign countries in terms of the number of doctors.

For the purpose of enhancing creative mind-set required of the students of universities and graduate schools, it is extremely important to realize education that will teach them basic and practical knowledge and ability and will nurture them to appreciate "the joy of discovery and creation." For that goal, discussions from various angles are under way at present.


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