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The existing system of teacher training in Japan is an open system. All persons who have acquired the necessary credits as provided in the Education Personnel Certification Law in universities with courses approved by the Minister of Education as adequate for issuance of teachers certificates are given such certificates. In practice there is a teachers training college or faculty established by the government in each prefecture, which plays an important role in the training of teachers for elementary and secondary schools, especially for elementary schools.
In other major countries, with the exception of teachers in elementary schools in France and the U.S.S.R. all teachers are trained in institutions of higher education. In those two countries as a rule elementary school teachers are trained in institutions specifically for teacher training while teachers of secondary schools attend either professional schools or universities. In the United States persons with certain basic qualifications and having acquired the credits necessary for teaching are given licenses while in France and Germany even 'graduates of teachers training colleges are required to take a national examination to acquire their certificates. In England and Wales there is no national examination but "area training organization which are groups of all teacher's training colleges within a specific area a responsible for qualifying teachers.
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