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In Japan, the number of teaching hours of local public elementary and lower secondary school teachers is decided by each principal within the limit of normal duty hours. For this reason there is no uniform standard effective throughout the country.
In France, the standard number of teaching hours for secondary schoolteachers varies in accordance with the kind of teaching certificate the teacher has acquired. In general, teachers having certificates whose requirements for acquisition are severer take fewer teaching hours. In the Federal Republic of Germany, the standard number of teaching hours for secondary school teachers varies between academic and non-academic type schools. Furthermore standard teaching hours are decreased on the basis of age.
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