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CHAPTER 4 APPROPRIATION OF AND SHARE IN EDUCATIONAL EXPENDITURE
2 Distribution of Public Educational Expenditure
(1) Distribution of Educational Expenditure by School Level


The trend in the percentage distribution of expenditures for public and private education by school level is shown in the table below. The distribution of the enrolments by school level is also given.

Table 61. Percentage Distribution of Total Educational Expenditure and Enrollments by School Level

The percentage of total educational expenditures devoted to secondary education sharply increased after World War 2, while percentages devoted to elementary and higher education decreased. This resulted from the transfer of grades 7 and 8 to lower secondary schools, the addition of grade 9 to compulsory education, increases in the number of students going onto upper secondary schools.

The proportion of the expenditures allotted to higher education gradualIy increased from l2.0% in 1950 to I7.9% in 1962.

The following table shows the percentage distribution of public educational expenditures by school level in Japan, Germany, Great Britain, U.S.A. and U.S.S.R.

Figure 23. Percentage Distribution of Public School Expenditure by School Level

Table 62. Percentage Distribution of Total Public Educational Expenditures and Enrollments by School Level in Five Countries

As compared with other countries, the percentages of the public educational expenditures allotted to elementary and higher education in Japan are low, and the percentage allotted to secondary education is relatively high. The percentage devoted to higher education is lower in Japan than in any of the other four countries.

The above two tables indicate that that the proportion of educational expenditures devoted to higher education in Japan is lower at the present time than at the pre-war period, and also lower than in any of the other four advanced countries.

In this country, it is obvious that provision for higher education must be much expanded in the future as the proportion of secondary school graduates going on to higher education increases. It is needed that the higher proportion of educational expenses be allotted to this level of education to maintain and improve its quality.


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