（4）The Structure of Educational Administration

The Ideological Control Bureau (Shisokyoku), which had been the chief investigatory agency concerned with the problems of student ideology, was reorganized in July, 1937, as the Nationalism Instruction Bureau (Kyogakukyoku). The major purpose of this Bureau was to promote greater emphasis on education for preserving the national polity. The Bureau encouraged the organization of nationalism research groups throughout the country, promoted academic conferences, and created cultural courses for universities and specialized schools (senmon gakko). Also, it published educational books such as The Way of the Imperial Subjects (Shinmin no Michi) and A General Survey of Japanese National History (Kokushi Gaisetsu) to add to The Essence of National Polity (Kokutai no Hongi), which was issued previously by the Ideological Control Bureau.

During the war years plans were also made to strengthen and mobilize scientific and technological research so as to advance the nation's effort. Within the Ministry of Education, in 1940 the Science Division (Kagakuka) was set up for this purpose and in 1942 it was enlarged to become the Science Bureau (Kagakukyoku).

Physical Education was also given a new emphasis during the war period. From 1939, a national program was begun in which youths and children had their performance measured as they attempted various physical feats and then were given advice on ways to improve their conditioning. On April 8, 1940, the National Physical Strength Law was promulgated.