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Part2 The Current Status of Science and Technologyin Japan and Other Nations
2.1 R&D Expenditures
2.1.5 R&D expenditures by Industry
2.1.5.2 R&D expenditures by type of manufacturing industry


  For the top six industries in manufacturing industry R&D expenditures in major countries,all countries showed high ratios for the telecommunications,electronics and electrical instrument industry,the automobile industry,and the pharmaceuticals industry all subject to severe com-petition internationally.For the total share of the top three industries,the telecommunications,electronics and electrical instrument industry,the auto-mobile industry,and the electrical machinery and tools industry accounted for54.1%of the total in Japan;in the United States,the chemical industry,the precision instrument,and the automobile industry accounted for49.7%;in Germany,the automobile industry,the telecommunications,electronics and electrical instrument industry,and the chemicals industry other than pharmaceuticals accounted for54.5%;in France,the automobile industry,the pharmaceuticals industry,and the telecommunications,electronics and electrical instrument industry accounted for45.6%;and in the United Kingdom,the pharmaceuticals industry,the aerospace industry,and the telecommunications,electronics and electrical instrument industry ac-counted for53.7%of the total.In all major countries,therefore,R&D expenses are concentrated in the top-ranking industries (Figure2-1-21).


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