Part2 The Current Status of Science and Technologyin Japan and Other Nations
2.1 R&D Expenditures
2.1.5 R&D expenditures by Industry
2.1.5.2 R&D expenditures by type of manufacturing industry
For the top six industries in manufacturing industry R&D
expenditures in major countries,all countries showed high ratios for the telecommunications,electronics
and electrical instrument industry,the automobile industry,and the pharmaceuticals
industry all subject to severe com-petition internationally.For the total share
of the top three industries,the telecommunications,electronics and electrical
instrument industry,the auto-mobile industry,and the electrical machinery and
tools industry accounted for54.1%of the total in Japan;in the United States,the
chemical industry,the precision instrument,and the automobile industry accounted
for49.7%;in Germany,the automobile industry,the telecommunications,electronics
and electrical instrument industry,and the chemicals industry other than pharmaceuticals
accounted for54.5%;in France,the automobile industry,the pharmaceuticals industry,and
the telecommunications,electronics and electrical instrument industry accounted
for45.6%;and in the United Kingdom,the pharmaceuticals industry,the aerospace
industry,and the telecommunications,electronics and electrical instrument industry
ac-counted for53.7%of the total.In all major countries,therefore,R&D expenses
are concentrated in the top-ranking industries (Figure2-1-21).