Annual Report on the Promotion of Science and Technology 1998


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Annual Report on the Promotion of Science and Technology 1998

Introduction

Information of The Publication

Part 1: In An Era of Change

Chapter 1: What is Needed - Various Domestic and International Issues Which Must be Addressed in order to Prepare for Change -

Section 1: Breaking Through Stagnate Conditions and Responding to the Needs of the Japanese People

1. Breaking Through Stagnate Conditions and the Static Japanese Socioeconomic System

2. Appropriate Response to the Interests and Needs of the Japanese People

Section 2: Solutions to Global and Human Questions

Chapter 2: What Science and Technology Can Do - An Era of Change and the Role of Science and Technology -

Section 1: The Increasing Importance of the Role of Science and Technology

1. The Increasing Importance of the Role of Science and Technology as the 21st Century Approaches

2. Expectations and Demands for Science and Technology from Technology Forecast Survey

Section 2: Attitudes of the Japanese People With Regard to Science and Technology

1. Expectations and Worries of the Japanese People With Regard to Science and Technology

2. Science and Technology Society Can Easily Accept

Chapter 3: What Types of Systems Are Important - Increasing Efforts for Change in the Research Community -

Section 1: "Look" - Perspective Needed in this Era of Change -

1. Extensive and Overlooking Perspective Needed

2. Promoting Understanding Between the Japanese People and the International Community

Section 2: "Create" - Achieving Results that Lead to Change

1. Efforts to Achieve Results from an Extensive and Overlooking Perspective

2. Efforts to Produce Innovative, Universal Results

Section 3: "Best Use" - Putting Research Findings to Work for Society -

1. Private Corporations' Expectations for Cooperation and Interaction Between Industry, Academia, and Government

2. Increasing Efforts to Return Research Results to Society

Section 4: "Evaluate" - Improve Research Evaluation Systems -

Section 5: Conclusion - New Creativity in the Era of Change -

Part 2: The Current Status of Science and Technology in Japan and Other Nations

Chapter 1: R&D Expenditures

Chapter 2: Research Personnel

Chapter 3: Trends Related to Research Performance

Part 3: Policies Implemented for the Promotion of Science and Technology

Chapter 1: The Implementation of Policies for Science and Technology

Chapter 2: The Implementation of Comprehensive, Systematic Policy Measures

Chapter 3: Promotion of Research Activity

CHART INDEX

Figure 1

Figure 2 Researchers' awareness: Impact of advances in science and technology on society

Figure 3 Public awareness: Fields to which science and technology should contribute

Figure 4 What professional and/or academic background corporations look for when recruiting mid-career researchers

Figure 5 What corporations look for in researchers

Figure 6 Corporate awareness: Contribution to society and the public

Figure 7 The public's perception of scientists and researchers' perception of themselves

Figure 8 Researchers' awareness with regard to understanding and considering economic and social needs

Figure 9 Methods by which researchers gain understanding of economic and social needs

Figure 10 Interest in and understanding of science and technology

Figure 11 Researchers' awareness: Efforts to help the public gain understanding of science and technology

Figure 12 Efforts in response to economic and social needs

Figure 13 How are your research objectives and plans affected by consideration of activities in other fields of research or areas other than science and technology?

Figure 14 Important factors in improving research and development strategies (plans)

Figure 15 Comparisons of basic and applied research in Japan and the US and in Japan and Europe

Figure 16 Percentage of scientific papers produced and citations awarded in each country

Figure 17 A comparison of siting conditions of research centers and facilities in Japan and the US and in Japan and Europe

Figure 18 Motivating factors for greatest research results

Figure 19 Researchers' expectations for research management

Figure 20 Composition of personnel at the Max Planck Society for the Promotion of Science and the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH)

Figure 21 Composition of personnel at the Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN)

Figure 22 Reasons for engaging in research cooperation with other institutions

Figure 23 Patent applications in which the individual title is the objective

Table 24 Number of Nobel Prize Laureates at the 20 American Universities with the most patent applications

Figure 25 Desired perspective for the evaluation of research and development topics at the national level

Figure 26 Desired structure of evaluation systems for research topics

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