（2）The Establishment of the Science Bureau and Physical Education Bureau

Agencies concerned with the administration of physical education were also expanded during these years. In order to strengthen physical education, in March, 1937, the School Hygiene Officers (Gakko Eiseikan) were replaced by the Physical Education Officers (Taiikukan). Then to prepare for the 1940 Tokyo general meeting on the Olympics (whose opening was later called off due to the outbreak of World War 2), officers were substantially expanded including these Physical Education Officers. In 1938, the Physical Strength Bureau (Tairyokukyoku) was established within the newly created Ministry of Health and Welfare to organize non-school physical education programs. Meanwhile, the Ministry of Education's activities to promote students' health and hygiene continued to expand, and thus in January, 1941, it was decided to upgrade the Physical Education Division of the Minister's Secretariat to the status of a bureau.

With the increasing pressure to mobilize science, under the supervision of the Minister of Education, in August, 1938, was established the Research Committee for the Promotion of Science (Kagaku Shinko Chosakai) with the Minister of Education as Chairman. Other members included Vice-Ministers from other Ministries and the Vice-President of the Planning Agency. The Science Division (Kagakuka) was set up in the Higher Education Bureau (Senmon Gakumukyoku) in February, 1940, and in March, 1942, the Science Officers (Kagakukan) were established. In November, 1942, the Science Division was upgraded to a bureau status.