b. Middle School Curriculum

Sixteen subjects were approved for the lower division of the middle school by original provisions of the Education System Order: these included Japanese language, mathematics, calligraphy, physical geography, history, foreign languages, science, drawing, the classics, geometry, bookkeeping, natural history, chemistry, morals, surveying and Western music. The upper division curriculum included fifteen subjects: Japanese language, mathematics, calligraphy, foreign languages, science, mechanical drawing, the classics, algebra & geometry, bookkeeping, chemistry, morals, surveying, economics, mechanics (jugaku), and zoology, botany, geology & mining. Noteworthy is the emphasis placed upon Western learning and especially upon the natural sciences. In the Outline for the Course of Study for Middle Schools (Chugaku Kyosoku Ryaku) issued by the Department of Education in October, 1872, a few of the subjects described in original provisions of the Education System Order were revised and allocated to specific form levels. In this Outline it was clearly indicated that the middle school was organized to prepare students for a university education. The Outline stated that the middle school should be composed of two divisions - upper and lower - of six forms each. Each form was to consist of six months.

In September, 1872, prior to issuing the Outline for the Course of Study for Middle Schools, the Department of Education issued Regulations for the Course of Study for Middle Schools with Foreign Teachers. These Regulations were mainly concerned with the curriculum of the upper and lower divisions of middle schools where foreign teachers taught in foreign languages, but they also provided for one-year preparatory courses in foreign languages to be attached to these middle schools. We see here further evidence of the sense of urgency in adopting Western science and culture.

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