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Home > Policy > White Paper, Notice, Announcement > White Paper > JAPANESE GOVERNMENT POLICIES IN EDUCATION, SCIENCE AND CULTURE 1993 > CHAPTER 4 �5 2 (2)

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Chapter 4 Culture Connects the World
�5 Cultural Policy in Foreign Countries
2 Cultural Policy in the United States of America
(2) Promotion of art and culture



1) The National Endowment for the Arts (NEA)

The NEA was founded in 1965 as an independent organization under the direct jurisdiction of the President, for the purpose of promoting and protecting art and culture, and providing the public with opportunities for contact with art. It does this by offering financial aid to artists and art organizations. Screening for the granting of subsidies is done in such a manner as to reflect public opinion by consulting non-official specialists who possess a broad expertise in the field of art. The NEA depends on the U.S. governmental budget and on private contributions for its finances. Classified according to field, the 1991 state of expenditures is shown in Table 1-4-6.

Table 1-4-6 Expenditures of NEA Classified by Fields


2) The Smithsonian Institution

The Smithsonian Institution is an independent organization that was established in 1946 in accordance with legislation of the United States Congress, for the purpose of increasing and spreading the knowledge of mankind. It consists of 14 facilities, including museums, art galleries and research institutes, and is engaged in investigation, research, exhibition and other activities. Although it is a part of the Smithsonian Institution, the National Gallery of Art, which exhibits works of domestic and foreign art, is similar in character to an independent federal organization. In the same manner, the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts also belongs to the Smithsonian Institution, and is a national cultural center having five theaters which present dramatic performances.


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