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CHAPTER 3 SUFFICIENCY OF TEACHING STAFFAND PROVISION OF SCHOOL FACILITIES
1 Supply of Teaching Staff and Working Condition of Teachers
(2) Composition of Teaching Staff
a. Classification of Teachers and Their Duties


The composition and respective duties of the staff in elementary, lower and upper secondary schools are prescribed by the School Education Law and other regulations. According to the law, each school shall have a principal, teachers, a nurse teacher and business personnel. Each school may in addition have assistant teachers and other necessary personnel. By the Enforcement Regulations of this law each school shall have a vice-principal, a vocational guidance teacher and a school health guidance teacher, and, by the School Library Law, a school librarian is required.

The duties of the vocational guidance teacher, the school health guidance teacher and the school librarian are performed 1>y ordinary teachers. In large schools a chief of teachers for each grade and a certain number of chiefs of subject teachers are allotted. Their duties are also performed by ordinary teachers.

Recently the number of pupil guidance teachers in lower and upper secondary schools has been steadily increasing; the percent of these teachers in the total number of full=time teachers increased from 3% in 1964 to 4% (8,700 teachers) in1969 in lower secondary schools, while, in upper secondary schools, the percentage was 2% (4,000teachers) in 1969.

The number of school health guidance teachers and school librarians as a percent of the total number of full-time teachers (excluding principals, assistant teachers and lecturers) are respectively 5.4% (17,156 teachers) and 0.1% (265) in elementary schools, 3.9% (8.144) and O.1% (270) in lower secondary schools, and 1 .5% (2,844) and 0.4% (659) in upper secondary schools.

The services of school business personnel are important aids to teachers' activities. In 1969 the average ratio of business personnel to teachers in public elementary, lower and upper secondary schools was 23 business personnel per 100teachers. The business personnel-teacher ratios in other countries were 41 (U.S.A., 1967) and 36 (France, 1967), per 100 teachers, respectively, though a direct comparison with raw statistics would not be adequate because of differences in the definition of business personnel in each country.


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