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CHAPTER 2. IMPROVEMENT OF EDUCATIONAL CONTENT AND METHOD
4 School Health and School Lunch Programs
(2) School Health and School Safety
c. Health Administration in Various Major Countries


In all the countries considered, medical examinations are regularly provided but the provision of school doctors and school nurses varies from country to country. In the United States the administrative procedures for school health examinations differ from one state to another. In some states an annual medical examination of pupils is required by law, while in others pupils are given close medical examinations upon entrance to school, in the fourth grade and in the final grade of junior high schools. In general, elementary and secondary schools have school nurses who provide daily health services for pupils.

In England and Wales the Education Act of 1944 provides that local education authorities must conduct medical examinations. There are two kinds of health examination, a regular health examination and a special medical examination for specific diseases. Parents are encouraged to attend the health examinations of pupils.

In France public school health centers are set up in each school district, whose objective is to insure that each pupil is given a medical examination upon entrance to school, once a year thereafter during his elementary school career, and twice during his secondary school career. In addition, a close medical examination is given as a basis for vocational guidance in the final grade of compulsory education.

In the Federal Republic of Germany, a school doctor is found in each school. Pupils are given medical examinations at the time of enrollment and graduation, and once every year in between.


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