(5)The 1885 Education Order

Following the proclamation of the 1880 Education Order, each prefecture set forth general regulations for the development of all types of programs from elementary schools to normal and middle schools. But with the economic depression of the period, school attendance fell off considerably and most local governments could not make much progress in developing new educational facilities. The cessation of central government assistance contributed to this situation. Consequently the 1880 Education Order was replaced by the 1885 Education Order on August 12, 1885. The 1885 Education Order was chiefly concerned with the economic depression and with methods for reducing the cost of local educational facilities. One of the more significant amendments was the recognition of the simplified elementary school (shogaku kyojo) in addition to the regular elementary schools. The shogaku kyojo was to offer simplified instruction in these local areas which could not support the regular elementary school. The provisions for curriculum were dropped and reference to both forms of elementary education merely stated that they should be places where general education was made available for children. In the following year the 1885 Education Order was superceded by the 1886 Elementary School Order, the 1886 Middle School Order, the 1886 Imperial University Order, and the Normal School Order.

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