Annual Report on the Promotion of Science and Technology 2000


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Annual Report on the Promotion of Science and Technology 2000

Introduction

Information of The Publication

Part 1: Towards the 21st Century

Chapter 1: Changes in Human Society

(1) Rapid Increase in Population

(2) Growth in Human Activities

(3) Limitations to Growth

Chapter 2: Science and Technology's Contribution to Human Society in the 20th century and Issues to be Addressed in the Future

Section 1: Development of Science and Technology in the 20th Century and Penetration to Society

1. Approaching the Ultimate - Smaller and Further -

2. Advances in Goods

3. Development of Telecommunications

4. Advances in Life Sciences

Section 2: The Current Situation of Understanding Among the Public About Science and Technology

1. Public Interest in Science and Technology

2. Current State of Initiatives to Deepen Public Understanding of Science and Technology

Chapter 3: The Relationship Between Science and Technology and Society in the 21st Century

Section 1: Role Played by Science and Technology in Society

1. Science and Technology Expected for the 21st Century

2. Constructing a New Relationship Between Science and Technology and Society Required in the 21st Century

Section 2: Responding to a Knowledge-Based Society

1. Transition to a Knowledge-Based Society

2. Creation and Utilization of Knowledge and Penetration to Society

3. Promotion of Basic Research

4. Enhancement of Science and Technology Education

Section 3: Restoring Trust in Science and Technology

1. Thorough Implementation of Ethics and Heightening the Awareness of Social Responsibility of People Involved in Science and Technology

2. Systematic Initiatives to Thoroughly Implement Ethics and to Heighten Awareness of Social Responsibility Among People Involved in Science and Technology

Section 4: Science and Technology for the People

1. Participation in Science and Technology by general public

2. Enhancement of Provision of Science and Technology Information to the Public

Section 5: Expectations for a New Science and Technology Administrative Framework

(1) Framework to Formulate Science and Technology Policy

(2) Realization of Ideal Research and Development Systems by Making National Testing and Research Institutions Separate Administrative Corporations

Conclusion

Part 2: State of Science and Technology Activities in Japan and Overseas

Chapter 1 Research Expenditure

Chapter 2 Research Personnel

Chapter 3 Trends in Research Results

Chapter 4 Initiatives to New Science and Technology Indicators

Part 3: Policies Adopted to Promote Science and Technology

Chapter 1 Development of Science and Technology Policy

Chapter 2 Comprehensive and Planned Development of Policy

Chapter 3 Promotion of Research Activities

CHART INDEX

Fig. 1: Trends in World Population

Fig. 2: Trends in World Production of Three Major Grains

Fig. 3: Trends in World Fossil Fuel Consumption

Fig. 4: Trends in World Gross Product

Fig. 5: Changes in Carbon Dioxide Concentrations Over the Past 1000 Years Viewed from Antarctic Ice Sheet Core Analysis

Fig. 6: Trends in Japan's Volume Transported by Motor Vehicle and Railways

Fig. 7: World Power Sources (1996)

Fig. 8: Number of Host Computers Connected to the Internet

Fig. 9: Annual Trends in Tuberculosis Mortality Rates in Various Countries

Fig. 10: Public Interest in Science and Technology

Fig. 11: Problems Regarded by the Public as Accompanying the Development of Science and Technology

Fig. 12: Desired Research Framework when Researchers Receive Competitive Research Funds

Fig. 13: Scale of Competitive Research Funds Desired by Researchers

Fig. 14: Degree of Fluidity of Researchers

Table 15: Percentage of Students Who Like Arithmetic, Mathematics and Science (1995)

Fig. 16: Researchers' Awareness of Social Responsibility to their Research Results

Fig. 17: Policies Adopted by Private Companies to Heighten the Ethical Values of Researchers and Engineers

Fig. 18: Occupations Other than Research in which Researchers are Interested

Fig. 19: Sources of Science and Technology Information to the Public

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