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Home > Policy > White Paper, Notice, Announcement > White Paper > JAPAMESE GOVERNMENT POLICIES IN EDUCATION,SCIENCE AND CULTURE 1990 > PART1 Chapter4 4 5

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PART 1 Issues and Perspectives ofHigher Education
Chapter 4 Higher Education in Other Countries
4 France
5 Administration and Finance


Universities have autonomy with regard to their educational and research programs, their financial management and other aspects. Each university is administered and managed by a governing body named Conseil d'administration. Which is composed of representatives of the teaching staff, students and the clerical and technical staff and knowledgeable persons outside the university. However, the rector of the Academie representing the Ministry of National Education is legally allowed to attend any meeting of the governing body. Through the rector the Government can interfere with the administration and management of individual institutions to some extent.

In 1985 Comite National devaluation was set up as an organ responsible for the evaluation of educational and research activities of individual universities. (The committee comprises 15 members decided upon by the Cabinet.) The committee every year chooses several universities to evaluate their educational and research activities as a whole and their activities for cooperation with various organizations outside the university and their activities for granting doctorates. The evaluation aims at facilitating the improvement of the educational and research activities of each university.

Government expenditure on higher education in France is at a low level as compared with many other advanced countries. In order to cope with a recent rapid increase in the number of higher education students, the Government has been striving to increase government expenditure for higher education to meet the needs to provide more and better facilities and equipment and to secure an adequate number of teachers.

In France, practically all universities are maintained by the Government and financed primarily by government funds. However, in recent years a growing number of local governments have become active in supporting part of the higher education costs. Behind this trend there is the expectation among local governments that universities will undertake more research and educational activities, which will contribute to the promotion of local industries. In addition to increasing their contributions to university expenditures, many local governments have demanded that individual universities allow local governments to participate in the process of determining the university curricula.

All students enrolled in state universities are required to pay both the basic student tuition fee (including fees for seminars. experiments and practical work, library fees and other fees) and small amounts of additional fees. The basic student tuition fee amounted to 475 francs (approximately 13,000 yen) in 1989.


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