Home > Policy > White Paper, Notice, Announcement > White Paper > EDUCATIONAL STANDARDS IN JAPAN 1971 > CHAPTER 3 (2) |
The present scholarship programs are carried out mainly by the "Japan Scholarship Foundation", a special corporation, but local public bodies, schools, foundations, companies and others also offer scholarships. Observing the percent distribution of scholarship holders by donator in 1967, students receiving scholarships from the Japan Scholarship Foundation accounted for 76% of the total, and next to this, students receiving scholarships from local public bodies amounted to 12%.
The program of the Japan Scholarship Foundation has been expanded year by year since its launching in 1944 so that by April or 1969 the total number of students who had received scholarships from the Foundation reached 1,930,000,and the amount of scholarship money awarded totaled 149.8 billion yen. The scholarships from the Foundation can be divided into two types, general scholarship loans and special scholarship loans. The latter type is offered to students highly capable bat with difficulties ill attending schooll due to financial reasons.
Recently, in the upper secondary schools and the higher education institutions, the percent of scholarship holders has been decreasing. The ordinary amount of the general scholarship loans per month provided to university students has been placed at 3,000 yen for more than l0years, and the proportion of persons receiving special scholarship loans provided for developing capable human resources is still low. Therefore it is necessary to increase the number of students receiving scholarships and the amount of monthly allowance from the viewpoint of encouraging learning. At the same time some measures should be sought to put more emphasis on encouraging the talented as is done in other major countries.
Observing the scholarship systems in major countries, in the United States, financial aids to students enrolled in higher education institutions may be divided roughly into three types: (1) grants, (2) loans, (3) guaranteed interest scholarship loans. In the last type the Federal Government guarantees the payment of interest on scholarships loaned by banks to students. In addition, there are also private groups providing many kinds of scholarships. Most students receive some kind of scholarship.
In Britain, students of higher educational institutions who have passed the examination- for the G.C.E. are automatically eligible to receive scholarships. But when the amount to be supplied is determined, family income is taken into consideration.
In France, the amount of the scholarship grant is characteristically decided in accordance with detailed standards prescribed by level of school and financial condition of families. Furthermore, whether the recipient lives in a boarding house or at home, whether the area is urban or rural, and other factors are all taken into account in the standards.
In the Federal Republic of Germany, a new law concerning scholarships was enacted in 1969, which enriched the scholarship system for students of secondary schools. A quarter of the university students receive scholarships given by the Federal Government in coordination with each state. In addition, there are, though limited, a number of scholarships given by churches and other organizations to specially talented children.
In the U.S.S.R. there is, in addition to a general scholarship system, a special scholarship system. Students with especially good achievement arc awarded special scholarships, the amount of which exceeds that of the general scholarships by 25%.
Back to Top | MEXT HOME |